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Cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) is the sterile fluid that bathes the brain and spinal cord and cushions them from trauma. Approximately 80% of all cases of leakage of CSF are caused by trauma with the rest occurring as a consequence of surgery. On March 23, 2014, Cook Medical (a medical products company headquartered in
Axons play two critical functions in the brain. They release neuro-chemicals from brain cells to other brain cells, and they transport nutrients from the environment into the brain cell to keep it alive. Axons are held together by structural supports called microtubules which can flex without breaking when force is applied slowly to
Following severe traumatic brain injury brain swelling compresses brain tissue and limits blood flow to damaged tissue in the area of injury as well as healthy surrounding tissue, so more tissue dies. Is there a way to prevent this outcome? Possibly. According to study by Drs. Louis Argenta and Michael Morykwas published in
It has long been known that people with superior or above average intelligence have lots of extra neurons (something called neuronal reserve) and they tend to recover from a TBI with better cognitive function than people of average intelligence. Recently Aron Barbey, Ph.D, a researcher at the College of Applied Health Sciences at
People with severe TBI from high velocity head impacts often have skull fracture with extreme brain swelling. If the brain swelling is not rapidly contained and reversed the patient is likely to die or end up in a permanent vegetative coma. Several decades ago Don Stein and other scientists noticed that female rats
Although headache is the most commonly reported chronic symptom after TBI, dizziness is also a typical problem. Why? The reasons vary. It could be a side effect from medication. However, it could also result from damage to the vestibular system of the inner ear; a vision problem; or damage to the brainstem. Dizziness
Effective January 16, 2014, the VA has a new rule regarding five medical conditions which have been medically associated with TBI through research by credible experts. The new rule (18 FR 76196) amends 38 CFR 3.310. The new rule came in response to a report of the National Academy of Sciences, Institute of
Jeremy Hertza, Psy. D., a neuropsychologist in Augusta, says that follow up care is warranted in all cases of TBI, even the mild ones. One reason is that people with a TBI are 20 times more likely to develop depression than other people without depression. Another reason is that fuzzy thinking and memory
Boston University has been funding and working with Constant Therapy (www.constanttherapy.com) to develop phone apps that enable physicians and therapists to provide evidence-based therapy tasks to patients. They began with stroke patients and have just expanded to patients with a TBI. The purpose of the app is to guide patients in how to
Neuroscientists at Newcastle University in the U.K. have investigated the cognitive capacities of 44 people with mild TBI vs. 9 normal controls. They found that for a period of one year following their accident the mildly brain injured subjects performed 25% worse on memory and cognitive testing than the controls due to white
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